【以案释法】男子生前立遗嘱：房产归父亲，妻儿都没份！有效吗？
<p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", ";P<section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">立下遗嘱</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">是不是一定会按照遗嘱分配遗产？</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">在广州市花都区</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">一名男子去世后</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">其父亲与男子妻儿</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">却因为遗产继承问题闹上法院</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">但这一次</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">法官却没有按遗嘱分配遗产</font></span></section><section style="text-align: center; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font size="3">这是为什么？</font></span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%;" static="" image="" smiley="" default="" titter.gif"="" border="0" smilieid="9" alt="<img src="><div style="text-align: center;"><font color="#545454" face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, <img src=" size="3"><br></font></div><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "<img src=";"><font size="3"></font></div></section><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center; justify-content: center; margin: 10px 0%; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: top; border-width: 0px; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 0;margin-right: 10px;margin-left: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(227, 239, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><font size="3"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></font></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(28, 28, 25); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><font size="3"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">案情回顾</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 被继承人丘某因病于2019年11月去世，他与妻子阿霞于2016年生育一子小霖。丘某生前立有《财产处置遗嘱》一份，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">将他名下广州市花都区某房全部的产权份额以及梅州市丰顺区某房二分之一的产权份额均指定由他的父亲继承。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 丘某去世后，阿霞母子与丘某父母就《财产处置遗嘱》所涉财产、债务的继承分割产生争议，结果闹上法院。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 花都区人民法院经审理后，判决花都某房由丘某父亲继承，继承后，丘某父亲享有该房全部的产权份额；该房尚欠贷款本息由丘某父亲承担，并由丘某父亲向阿霞补偿属于阿霞的个人财产部分;</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 至于梅州市丰顺区某房，二分之一的产权份额为丘某的遗产，由其儿子小霖继承，继承后，小霖享有该房二分之一的产权份额，该房尚欠贷款本息的二分之一份额为丘某遗留的债务，由小霖母亲阿霞承担。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div><p style=""></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">法院审理</span></strong><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">法官为何没按遗嘱分配遗产？</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">为什么法院会这样判决？</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">该如何界定花都某房、</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">丰顺某房中属于丘某的遗产范围？</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 法院指出，关于花都某房，该房由丘某婚前购买，丘某在《财产处置遗嘱》将花都某房全部的产权份额指定由其父继承，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">是其真实意思表示，按照遗嘱继承办理</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">但是，民法典第一千一百五十三条规定：</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;">“夫妻共同所有的财产，除有约定的外，遗产分割时，应当先将共同所有的财产的一半分出为配偶所有，其余的为被继承人的遗产。遗产在家庭共有财产之中的，遗产分割时，应当先分出他人的财产。”</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 据此，花都某房虽然是丘某婚前购买，但丘某夫妻婚后共同偿还了该房部分贷款，无论哪方还贷，其所还款项属于夫妻共同财产，与其相对应的房屋增值部分亦应属于夫妻共同财产，阿霞占有一半份额。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 即</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">该房中属于阿霞的个人财产部分应为“50%婚后共同还贷本息部分+50%按婚后还贷比例的房屋增值部分”</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;">，其余部分属于丘某的遗产。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 关于丰顺某房，该房由丘某与阿霞婚后共同购买，属于两人的夫妻共同财产，由丘某与阿霞各占有二分之一份额，即该房的二分之一份额属于丘某的遗产。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170); letter-spacing: 1px;">该如何继承处理</span></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170);">丘某的遗产及债务？</span></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 民法典第一千一百四十一条规定：“遗嘱应当对缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的继承人保留必要的遗产份额。”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 本案中，虽然被继承人自书遗嘱系真实意思表示，本应予以尊重，但</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">丘某在订立遗嘱时明知其儿子年纪尚幼，属于继承法律上规定的缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的继承人，却未保留儿子必要的遗产份额。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 如果就此剥夺其儿子的继承权，必造成其生存危机，与继承法律上的“必留份”制度相悖，故不能完全按照其所立遗嘱分配遗产。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 而且，丘某将其主要遗产指定由父亲继承，而丘某父母除丘某外，另有其他子女可以履行赡养义务，丘某母亲每月也有养老保险金，两人有足够生活来源，故分出一部分遗产给小霖既保障了小霖的合法权益，也不损害丘某父母的养老利益。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 因此，依照前述法律规定，结合本案实际情况，法院判决花都某房由丘某父亲继承，相应的该房尚欠贷款由丘某父亲承担，并由丘某父亲补偿阿霞该房中属于阿霞的个人财产部分。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 同时，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">为充分保障丘某的未成年子女的合法权益，法院酌定由小霖继承丰顺某房中属于丘某的遗产部分，即小霖继承占有该房的二分之一份额。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;">该房尚欠贷款债务中二分之一属于阿霞的个人债务，由其自行承担，另外二分之一属于丘某遗留的债务，因该房中属丘某的遗产由小霖继承，阿霞为小霖的母亲，是其监护人，故该房属于小霖的债务由阿霞承担。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><section style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"><div style="text-align:center"></div></span></section><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 122, 170); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">法律分析</span></strong><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> 经办法官指出，“必留份”制度是民法典继承编的一项重要制度，属于对被继承人自有处分遗产的限制规定，其本质是为了保障对财产有急迫需要的法定继承人的利益，而排除被继承人相关遗嘱的适用，强制将被继承人遗产中的一部分无负担地划归法定继承人继承的权利保障制度。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">根据“必留份”制度，遗嘱人不得以遗嘱形式剥夺特定法定继承人继承其遗产份额的权利。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;">如果遗嘱人在设立遗嘱时，没有给特定的法定继承人保留一定遗产，那么相应部分的处分无效。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span><strong style=""><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">公民处分个人财产的自由并非是无限的，故在设立遗嘱时，一定要注意法律的相关规定。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: 1px;">须符合民法典的相关规定，同时也不得违背公序良俗。</span></span></p></font></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 0;margin-right: 10px;margin-left: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(227, 239, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：中国普法</p><p style="font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></p></section></section>
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