【以案释法】村庄拆迁，原卖房者起诉购房者返还房屋及院落！法院判了 ...
<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;text-align: center;justify-content: center;isolation: isolate;margin: 10px 0% -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-color: rgb(236, 211, 201);padding: 5px 3px;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 5px 10px;border-width: 0px 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(236, 211, 201);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right-style: solid;border-right-color: rgb(236, 211, 201);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 3px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14) 2px 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 2px 0% 3px;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(205, 91, 71);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基本案情</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 3px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14) 2px 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 2px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"> 张某某与万某某在2015年间因民间借贷产生纠纷，案经调解双方达成还款协议，并经一审法院民事调解书确认张某某、刘某某（夫妻关系）于2015年7月3日前返还万某某借款本金50万元及相应利息。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"> 张某某、刘某某未按生效文书履行还款义务，万某某申请法院强制执行，在执行过程中，张某某、刘某某仍无力支付现金，便请求以其所有的某处房产及院落（建筑面积1600平方米）作价213.5万元抵顶给万某某并达成《执行和解协议》，上述房产及院落交付当日，万某某将差额款180万元（231.5万元-51.5万元）交付张某某、刘某某，还载明，“张某某、刘某某保证对房产及院落拥有合法的所有权和处分权，保证不涉及第三方的权利；房产及院落的占有、使用、收益、处分权归万某某所有，今后如遇拆迁，涉及该房产院落及土地补偿安置权益均由万某某享有；除万某某原因外，如导致协议解除或无效，由张某某、刘某某承担责任并双倍赔付万某某房产及院落作价款；在条件允许的情况下，张某某、刘某某负责将房产、院落过户至万某某名下；本协议签订后，双方不得反悔，应严格履行”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"> 2020年10月，张某某、刘某某提起诉讼要求确认《执行和解协议》无效并要求万某某返还房屋及院落。万某某同时提起反诉要求返还房屋作价款231.5万元及利息并赔偿其543万元（231.5万元×2+装修费80万元）。</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 3px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14) 2px 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 2px 0% 3px;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(205, 91, 71);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">法院审理</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 3px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14) 2px 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 2px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong> 一审法院经审理认为，</strong></span>该抵债土地为集体所有制土地，万某某并非该农村集体经济组织成员，《执行和解协议》中以房屋及土地（院落）抵顶借款的条款无效。双方在签订《执行和解协议》时均意识到以房屋及院落抵顶债务合同的合法性问题，在此情况下双方仍约定“除万某某原因外，如导致本协议解除或无效，由张某某、刘某某承担责任并双倍赔付万某某房产及院落作价款”系出于双方真实意思表示，属有效条款，应予履行。张某某明知是集体土地上的房屋，现又以协议违反强制性规定为由要求确认协议无效，违背诚信原则，万某某要求张某某、刘某某赔偿543万元应予支持。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"> 《执行和解协议》无效后，原借贷关系并未灭失。万某某应返还张某某、刘某某抵顶债务的房屋及院落，张某某、刘某某应返还万某某支付的差价180万元。遂判决：《执行和解协议》无效；万某某腾空返还房产及院落；张某某、刘某某返还万某某差价款180万元；张某某、刘某某赔付万某某543万元等。张某某、刘某某不服一审判决提起上诉，要求撤销“赔付万某某543万元”的判项，并支付房产占有使用费。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong> 二审法院经审理认为，</strong></span>本案肇始于张某某、刘某某与万某某之间因借贷纠纷达成还款协议并经法院民事调解书确认，后张某某、刘某某未履行该民事调解书确定的义务，双方在执行程序中达成《执行和解协议》，协商以涉案房屋抵顶所欠借款。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"> 该《执行和解协议》已履行完毕，双方对此均不持异议。万某某已使用涉案房屋六年有余，交易状态早已稳定。张某某、刘某某在签署《执行和解协议》时明知涉案房屋状况及万某某身份情况，现又以涉案房屋系农村集体土地上的房屋，万某某并非本集体经济组织成员为由提起本案诉讼要求确认《执行和解协议》无效，与诚实信用原则相悖，其行为不应受到法律保护，应予以禁止。加之，万某某抗辩所在村庄正在拆迁，《执行和解协议》载明“今后如遇拆迁，涉及该房产院落及土地补偿安置权益均由万某某享有，张某某、刘某某对此无任何权益”，故不排除张某某、刘某某为了获取拆迁补偿安置利益而提起本案诉讼的可能性，其诉权行使不具有正当性。万某某一审时答辩认为《执行和解协议》有效，在张某某、刘某某要求确认该协议无效的情况下才提起反诉。反诉的目的是抵消或者吞并本诉的诉讼请求。反诉的存在，必须以本诉为前提，如果本诉已不存在，虽然不影响反诉作为一个独立的诉请存在，但不能作为反诉受理。如万某某继续坚持反诉的诉讼请求，可另行向有管辖权的人民法院起诉。遂裁定撤销一审判决；驳回张某某、刘某某的起诉；驳回万某某的反诉。</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 3px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-end;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14) 2px 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 2px 0% 3px;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(205, 91, 71);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">典型意义</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 3px;margin-left: 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14) 2px 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 2px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67);background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14);box-shadow: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.67) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 17px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong> 确认之诉是当事人要求人民法院确认某种法律关系存在或不存在的诉讼。</strong></span>而在当事人主张确认之诉时，诉的利益是当事人行使诉权的基本要件，亦是法院判断当事人的诉请是否能进行实体审理的前提，即“利益是衡量诉权的尺度，无利益者无诉权”。诉的利益是用来排除当事人的不必要诉讼请求的，由此，可认定诉的利益对滥用起诉权的行为能够起到一定的规制作用。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"> 我国尚未对起诉所需要具备的诉的利益进行明确规定，但<span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>《中华人民共和国民法典》第一百三十二条规定，</strong></span>“民事主体不得滥用民事权利损害国家利益、社会公共利益或者他人合法权益”，<span style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);"><strong>《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第十三条规定，</strong></span>“民事诉讼应当遵循诚信原则。当事人有权在法律规定的范围内处分自己的民事权利和诉讼权利”，上述条款中，已明确我国诚实信用原则中涉及诉的利益，也就是说，民事权利行使应遵循正当行使和禁止权利滥用原则，权利人应依权利目的正当行使诉权。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"> 农村集体土地上的房产于若干年前即已转让，交易状态早已稳定，在房产被拆迁或拟被拆迁背景下，出卖人倏然提起诉讼要求确认合同无效，要求打破早已稳定的交易状态，其诉讼深层目的显而易见，即确认合同无效后使房产重新归其名下，从而获得拆迁补偿安置利益。该类诉讼以违反诚实信用原则为导引，以滥用权利为手段，以获得不正当利益为目的，出卖人诉权的行使不具有正当性。因此，对不具有诉的利益的起诉，法院可以诚实信用原则为依据，予以驳回。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;text-align: center;justify-content: center;isolation: isolate;margin: -10px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：中国普法</p></section></section>
页:
[1]