朱启臻：推进乡村振兴，政府需要对社会组织进行"松绑"
<section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor" style="visibility: visible;"><section data-role="paragraph" style="visibility: visible;"><p style="visibility: visible;"></p><div style="text-align:center"></div><p></p></section><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="114995" style="visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 20px auto; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; visibility: visible;" hm_fix="356:344"><section style="display: flex; align-items: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 5px; background-color: rgb(1, 121, 119); height: 100%; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 100%; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"></section><section style="background: linear-gradient(to left, transparent 0%, transparent 50%, rgb(214, 239, 234) 100%); font-size: 16px; color: rgb(1, 121, 119); padding: 8px 30px; visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size: 17px; visibility: visible;"><strong data-brushtype="text" style="visibility: visible;">友导读</strong></span></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="visibility: visible;"><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgba(164, 15, 1, 0.05);font-size: 12.83px;visibility: visible;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;visibility: visible;letter-spacing: 0.25px;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">日前，国家乡村振兴局、民政部制定并印发《社会组织助力乡村振兴专项行动方案》（下称“方案”），要求充分发挥社会组织作用，加快推进社会组织参与乡村全面振兴。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgba(164, 15, 1, 0.05);font-size: 12.83px;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br style="visibility: visible;"></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgba(164, 15, 1, 0.05);font-size: 12.83px;visibility: visible;text-indent: 2em;line-height: 1.75em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;visibility: visible;letter-spacing: 0.25px;font-size: 16px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如何理解乡村“全面振兴”？社会组织在乡村振兴中如何发挥作用？作为社会创新的一种重要形式，社会企业在乡村振兴中又有多大的发展空间呢？带着这些问题，我们采访了中国农业大学教授、中国农业大学农民研究所名誉所长<strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">朱启臻</strong>。</span></p><p style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="visibility: visible;"><p style="visibility: visible;"></p><div style="text-align:center"></div><p></p></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="visibility: visible;"><p style="visibility: visible;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(137, 137, 137);visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">朱启臻 </span></strong></span><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;color: #898989;visibility: visible;">中国农业大学教授，博士生导师，中国农业大学农民研究所名誉所长。受访者供图</span></strong></p><p style="visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"></p><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="114995" style="visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 20px auto; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; visibility: visible;"><section style="display: flex; align-items: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 5px; background-color: rgb(1, 121, 119); height: 100%; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="visibility: visible;"></section><section style="background: linear-gradient(to left, transparent 0%, transparent 50%, rgb(214, 239, 234) 100%); font-size: 16px; color: rgb(1, 121, 119); padding: 8px 30px; visibility: visible;" hm_fix="281:326"><span style="font-size: 17px; visibility: visible;"><strong data-brushtype="text" style="visibility: visible;">“政府要对社会组织进行'松绑'， </strong></span><strong data-brushtype="text" style="font-size: 17px; visibility: visible;">不要捆得太紧”</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="visibility: visible;"><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px; visibility: visible;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">马广志：关于实施乡村振兴战略，我们经常听到的一个词是“全面推进乡村振兴”，如何理解乡村的“全面振兴”？</strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br style="visibility: visible;"></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">朱启臻：</strong>乡村“全面振兴”包含两方面的含义：一是<span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从空间上看</span>，乡村振兴要全面推动，也就是说，所有乡村都要振兴，一个不少地实现乡村现代化。二是<span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">从振兴内容看</span>，要在产业、人才、生态、文化、组织等领域全面推进，实现乡村的整体进步，而不是只发展某一个方面。比如，有些地方盖了一些漂亮的房子，但既没有产业也没有文化，最后人全走光了。<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(164, 40, 45); overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">有些地方则只重视产业发展，不顾及基层党组织建设、精神文明建设、乡村社会治理等，那最后产业可能也振兴不起来。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" !important;="" visibility:="" visible;"=""><br style="visibility: visible;"></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" !important;="" visibility:="" visible;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px; visibility: visible;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">马广志：但在现实中，很多地方在乡村振兴中可能只盯着经济发展，而忽略了产业、人才、生态、文化、组织“五大振兴”其实是一个整体。</strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" !important;="" visibility:="" visible;"=""><br style="visibility: visible;"></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" !important;="" visibility:="" visible;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px; visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">朱启臻：</strong>没错。说到底，根本原因还在于对乡村价值及其规律缺乏认识。乡村是一个集生产、生活、生态、文化、教化等价值于一体的有机整体，具有不可替代的功能，实施乡村建设行动就是要遵循这一价值体系。实践证明，遵守这一原则，发现乡村价值、尊重乡村价值、放大乡村价值，可以使乡村走向富裕的道路。而脱离乡村价值体系，试图建立一套新体系的做法，无论投入多少人力物力都难以获得应有效果，甚至以失败而告结束。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;">以往很多乡村建设项目之所以失败，很大程度上在于把本来不可分割的乡村整体人为地割裂开来。比如为发展农业而伤害农民，为了民居改造而削弱了农业生产乃至农民生计，为了环境整洁而影响了生产，为了生产而破坏了生态，诸如此类现象在乡村建设实践中不胜枚举。<span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以，需要我们在实施乡村振兴战略中，要深入开展乡村认识教育，准确把握乡村发展规律。</span></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">马广志：《方案》要求充分发挥社会组织在乡村振兴中的作用，您认为社会组织在乡村振兴中能在哪些方面发挥作用？社会组织的优势体现在哪里？</strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">朱启臻：</strong>在实施乡村振兴战略中，存在一个“谁来建设乡村”的问题。我认为，除了发挥党组织的领导和政府作用外，社会力量也不可忽视，社会组织可以发挥非常重要的作用，因为有着独特的优势。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">首先，能够提供专业服务。</span>社会组织在乡村振兴中，可以提供专注领域内、结合自身特长的专业服务，比如，在养老、垃圾分类等都是社会组织擅长的领域，政府应该向社会组织购买服务，让专业的人干专业的事儿。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其次，能够减轻政府负担。</span>虽然政府在乡村振兴中起主导作用，但并不是事无巨细都要政府去做，规划、监督等该做的事儿做好，服务性的工作可以交给社会力量，可以降低政府在推进乡村振兴中的高成本压力。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第三，能够弥补“政府失灵”。</span>政府在农村公共品供给方面存在“政府失灵”的情况，比如在弱势群体的照料、孕产妇的照护、心理疏导与干预等。社会组织参与乡村振兴，可以弥补这方面的“政府失灵”，提高资源利用、要素配置和要素流通的效率。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">最后，能够发挥各类人才的作用。</span>乡村振兴是一项系统工程，需要凝聚各方面的力量，也就需要各类的人才。社会组织涵盖几乎各个领域，哪方面的人才都有，社会组织参与乡村振兴，可以发挥各类人才的作用。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">马广志：目前阶段，社会组织参与乡村振兴的情况是怎样的？存在哪些问题？</strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">朱启臻：</strong>因为没有掌握具体的数据，所以不好判断。但据我了解，江浙、广深这些地方的社会组织比较发达，在乡村振兴中发挥了一定的作用，尤其是在乡村文化建设、移风易俗、乡村环境治理、乡村新生活方式的形成及乡村养老、助残、儿童教育服务等方面都有一些尝试，效果还不错。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;">但总的来讲，乡村振兴中还存在社会组织发育不全以及作用发挥受限的问题。普遍存在着基层部门对社会组织的作用认识不足、支持不够甚至持怀疑态度，村级组织缺乏主动寻求社会组织促进本村发展的意识和能力。当然，社会组织自身也存在参与乡村建设行动能力不足、服务内容单一、服务方式落后等问题。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;">因此，政府要对社会组织进行"松绑"，不要捆得太紧，对于不该管、管不了也管不好的事，政府应该放手让社会组织去做。这样，社会组织也会有更大的生存和发展空间。否则，这不让干，那不让干，总是怕出事，没有宽松的环境，社会组织就没办法成长。当然，<span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">社会组织也要强化自身的服务能力建设，提升专业性。</span></span></p><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="114995"><section style="margin: 20px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: flex-start;" hm_fix="306:338"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 5px;background-color: rgb(1, 121, 119);height: 100%;overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);height: 100%;overflow: hidden;"><br></section><section style="background: linear-gradient(to left,transparent 0%,transparent 50%,#d6efea 100%);font-size: 16px;color: #017977;padding: 8px 30px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong>“社会企业在乡村振兴中大有可为”</strong></span></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">马广志：国家要求进一步动员社会组织积极参与巩固脱贫攻坚成果和全面推进乡村振兴。您认为社会组织参与乡村振兴需要注意哪些问题？</strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">朱启臻：</strong>社会组织参与乡村振兴，有两个原则要掌握：一是尊重农民的需要。社会组织要扮演好连接政府和社会的桥梁角色，要把政府意志和老百姓的实际需求紧密结合起来。比如农村厕所改造，一定要了解什么样的厕所、建在什么地方，老百姓才最满意，一定要适合而且可持续，而不能“一刀切”。而且灵活性也是社会组织的优势，可以根据需求迅速作出反应，灵活调整服务方法和内容。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;">一定要知道，<span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实施乡村建设行动，是要把乡村建设成符合农民生产与生活需要的美丽幸福家园，而不是其他人的家园。</span>因此，了解农民的生产与生活需要是乡村建设的前提。农民需要包括农业生产需要，也包括衣食住行以及地方特色的乡村习俗、人际交往和娱乐等生活需要。一些乡村建设项目之所以失败就是因为忽视了农民的实际需求，建设者以自己的好恶代替农民需要。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二是要以农民为主体。</span>社会组织服务乡村振兴，关键是要动员引导老百姓来参与，把为老百姓干的事情变成老百姓自己要干的事情。在任何时候都不要为民做主，而要充分依靠农民，引导和组织农民积极参与乡村建设，在任何时候都要切忌不要把本来作为建设主体的农民变成“旁观者”。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;">可以说，乡村振兴只有靠农民来建设，文化才能传承，产业才能兴旺，乡村发展才能可持续。梁漱溟在论述乡村建设过程外来人作用时曾概括了三句话：为乡村扩耳目、为乡村增喉舌、为乡村添头脑，其目的就在于激活农民的内生动力，启发农民自觉。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">马广志：您说过，允许社会组织采取“半公益半收益”的方式参与乡村建设行动。如何理解“半公益、半收益”？这与现在大家所说的“社会企业”是否同一概念？</strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">朱启臻：</strong>社会组织如果没有收益，积极性就会受到影响，我认为可以采取政府补贴一部分，受益群体支付一部分，社会募捐一部分的服务方式，我把它称之为“半公益、半收益”模式。这种模式可以调动社会组织参与乡村振兴的积极性，培育社会组织健康发展，也有助于打造更有活力、更具价值的社会组织生态。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;">社会企业是以商业模式致力于解决社会问题，主体可以是社会组织，也可以是企业，与我讲的“半公益、半收益”模式还不太一样。</span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><em style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: italic;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">马广志：您判断，社会企业在乡村振兴中的发展趋势是怎样的？</strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><br></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="font-size: 16px;">朱启臻：前面说过，政府在农村公共品供给方面存在主体单一、供给效率低下等问题。同时，在一些欠发达地区政府机构，还存在“重经济效益轻社会效益”现象，导致生态失衡、环境污染等问题。因此，这就需要创新公共产品的供给方式，有效提高公共产品的供给水平。而社会企业是以追求社会效益最大化为根本目的，用商业手段来提供产品或服务，来解决社会问题，就能够创新公共服务供给。所以说，<span style="font-size: 16px;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(164, 40, 45);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">社会企业在乡村振兴中是大有可为的。</span></span></p><p><br></p></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="87580"><section style="text-align:center;margin:10px auto;"><section style="display:inline-block;" hm_fix="347:259"><div style="text-align:center"></div></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p style="text-align:right;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(165, 163, 163);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" neue",="" "pingfang="" sc",="" "hiragino="" sans="" gb",="" "microsoft="" yahei="" ui",="" yahei",="" arial,="" sans-serif;"=""><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 14px;">来源：友成企业家扶贫基金会</span></p></section></section>
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