【以案释法】酒后挪车是否构成危险驾驶罪?指导案例来了
<section style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); line-height: 0; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0%; text-align: justify; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; 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visibility: visible;"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -5px 0% -6px; text-align: justify; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px 6px; line-height: 1; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 10px; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: -3px 0% 10px; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 55%; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; line-height: 0; letter-spacing: 0px; align-self: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="height: 1px; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left; line-height: 0; width: 0px; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px; color: rgb(106, 94, 59); letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;">裁判观点1</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); padding: 0.1em 0.3em; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;">校园道路属于道路交通安全法</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;">规定的“道路”?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px; color: rgb(106, 94, 59); letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66); visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第892号李某铭交通肇事案指出:</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;">从相关法律文件对“道路”规定的内容分析,“道路”的范围呈扩大趋势。1988年公布施行的原《道路交通管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)第二条规定:“本条例所称的道路,是指公路、城市街道和胡同(里巷),以及公共广场、公共停车场等供车辆、行人通行的地方。”但实践中,不少企事业单位、校园、厂矿的厂区、园区不断扩大,且系开放式管理,社会车辆、行人经常借道通行,在该路段发生人车相撞的事故越来越多,当事人常报警要求交通管理部门出警认定事故责任,以便于事故的后续处理。但受《条例》限制,对在这些路段驾驶交通工具发生的事故不能认定为交通事故,相关保险公司也不愿意承担赔付责任,致使肇事者和受害者的权益均难以得到有效保障。因此,《条例》关于“道路”的规定越来越不符合实践中不断出现的新情况。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 有鉴于此,2004年公布施行的原道路交通安全法(以下简称道交法)第一百一十九条修改了“道路”的含义,扩大了公共交通管理的范围,将“道路”的范围明确为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>“公路、城市道路和虽在单位管辖范围但允许社会机动车通行的地方,包括广场、公共停车场等用于公众通行的场所”</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(注:2021年修正的道交法对此规定不变)。这样,就把单位管辖范围内允许社会车辆通行的路段纳入“道路”范围,以更好地维护这些路段的交通秩序,保护肇事者和受害者的合法权益。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 本案肇事地点位于河北大学新校区生活区,属于典型的单位管辖范围。该生活区虽设有围墙、大门,相对封闭,但系开放式园区,具有比较完善的社会服务功能,社会车辆只需登记车号就可以进出生活区南门,门口也设有限速5公里的交通标志,说明河北大学对其新校区生活区的路段是按照“道路”进行管理的。公安机关收集的车辆监控录像和门卫的证言等证据显示,社会车辆实际上不经登记也可通行。故该生活区内的道路属于道交法规定的“虽在单位管辖范围但允许社会机动车通行的地方”。被告人李某铭违反交通运输管理法规,在校园道路醉驾并发生重大交通事故,致一人死亡、一人轻伤,负事故全部责任,其行为构成交通肇事罪。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点2</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">开放性小区内的道路上</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉酒驾驶机动车,</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是否构成危险驾驶罪?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第893号廖某田危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">危险驾驶罪属于行政犯,如果没有特别需要扩张或者限制解释的理由,对概念性法律术语的规定应当与其所依附的行政法规保持一致。小区是居民聚居的生活场所,居住的人数众多,且随着社会的发展,小区的规模越来越大,小区内车辆通行的路段往往也是行人和非机动车通行的地方,在小区内醉驾对公共安全具有较大的危险性。如果在道交法规定之外,另以“是否作为公共路段穿行”作为认定道路的标准,将不利于保障小区内生活的人民群众人身财产安全。故对小区道路的认定应当与道交法的规定精神保持一致,以是否</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>“允许社会车辆通行”作为判断标准。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 无论单位对其管辖范围内的路段、停车场采取的管理方式是收费还是免费、车辆进出是否需要登记,</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>只要允许不特定的社会车辆自由通行,就属于道路。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点3</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">能否将超标电动自行车</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">认定为“机动车”?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第894号林某危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)危险驾驶罪属于行政犯,对“机动车”等概念性法律术语的理解应当与其所对应的行政法规保持一致,不能随意扩大解释;(2)将超标电动自行车作为机动车进行规定和管理存在较多困难:一是当前尚不具备将超标电动自行车规定为机动车的现实条件;二是将超标电动自行车作为机动车进行管理难度较大,且超标电动自行车在机动车道上行驶存在较大安全隐患;(3)公众普遍认为超标电动自行车不属于机动车,此类醉酒驾驶或者追逐竞驶的行为人往往不具有相关违法性认识;(4)将醉驾超标车等行为以危险驾驶罪定罪处罚,打击面过大,社会效果不好。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点4</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">▼▼▼</span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉酒后在道路上挪动车位的行为</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是否构成危险驾驶罪?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第895号唐某彬危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)行为人只要在道路上醉酒驾驶机动车,即具有法律拟制的危险性,符合危险驾驶罪的客观要件;(2)行为人明知自己饮酒仍在道路上驾驶机动车,具有危险驾驶罪的主观故意;(3)对于为挪动车位而在道路上醉酒驾驶机动车,且行驶距离较短、速度较慢、未发生严重后果的,可以不作为犯罪处理;(4)如果发生致人轻伤以上的交通事故,一般不宜认为犯罪情节显著轻微,但结合具体案情,行为人的认罪、悔罪表现和赔偿情况,为体现从宽处罚精神,可以对被告人适用缓刑。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点5</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何认定醉驾型</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">危险驾驶案件中的犯罪情节轻微?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第896号吴某明危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">审判实践中,可以尝试从醉驾行为的社会危害程度和行为人的人身危险性大小入手,以“定性+定量”的方式明确以下区分原则:</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 一是对于没有发生交通事故,</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">行为人认罪、悔罪,且无其他法定或者酌定从轻、从重处罚情节的,一般可以认定为醉驾情节较轻;对于虽然发生交通事故,但只造成轻微人身伤害或者财产损失,且被告人积极赔偿取得谅解,无其他从重处罚情节的,也可以认定为醉驾情节较轻;对于既有从轻处罚情节又有从重处罚情节的,是否整体上认定为醉驾情节较轻,应当从严掌握。根据刑法第七十二条的规定,对醉驾情节较轻的,依法可以适用缓刑。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 二是犯罪情节轻微可以免予刑事处罚的,除不低于缓刑的适用条件外,还应当同时具备以下条件:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)被告人无从重处罚情节,原则上没有发生交通事故,即便发生交通事故,也仅造成轻微财产损失或者轻微人身伤害,且被告人积极赔偿,取得被害人谅解;(2)至少具备一项法定或者酌定从宽处罚情节,如自首、坦白、立功、自动停止醉驾等;(3)醉酒程度一般,血液酒精含量在160毫克/100毫升以下;(4)有符合情理的醉驾理由,如为救治病人而醉驾、在休息较长时间后误以为醒酒而醉驾、为挪动车位而短距离醉驾等。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>三是犯罪情节显著轻微可以不认为是犯罪的,除不低于免予刑事处罚的适用条件外,在“量”上应当更加严格把握,要求同时具备:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)没有发生交通事故或者仅造成特别轻微财产损失或者人身伤害;(2)血液酒精含量在100毫克/100毫升以下;(3)醉驾的时间和距离极短,根据一般人的经验判断,几乎没有发生交通事故的可能性。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点6</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">▼▼▼</span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在醉驾型危险驾驶案件中</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何把握缓刑适用标准?</strong></p></section></section><section style="isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="color: rgb(106, 94, 59); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 1px; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="color: rgb(106, 94, 59); font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 1px; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第897号魏某涛危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">危险驾驶罪的犯罪情节较轻,不以是否发生交通事故为划分标准。对于虽然发生交通事故,但事故后果并不严重,且被告人积极赔偿、认罪、悔罪的,综合考虑全案情节,仍可以认定为犯罪情节较轻,对被告人依法可以宣告缓刑。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3">裁判观点7</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; widows: 2; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;"><font size="3">▼▼▼</font></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉驾型危险驾驶犯罪案件中</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">有哪些量刑情节?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第898号罗某智危险驾驶案指出:可以着重考虑以下两个方面:</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> (一)考察醉酒驾驶的危险程度:</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)行为人是否造成现实的危害,即是否发生交通事故及事故的严重程度,具体包括财产损失和人员受伤情况。(2)行为人案发时的驾驶能力如何,主要以血液酒精含量为判断标准。(3)行为人是否实施了严重违反道交法的其他行为。(4)醉驾行为是否严重威胁不特定多数人的生命安全,一旦发生交通事故,后果会特别严重。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> (二)考察行为人的主观恶性和人身危险性大小,可以从行为人在以下三个阶段的表现来判断:</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)实施醉驾行为前的表现。如是否曾因酒后驾驶受过行政处罚或者刑事处罚,是否有多次严重违反道交法的行为,是否不顾他人劝阻坚持醉驾;是否故意遮挡、污损或者不按照规定安装号牌,或者明知是伪造、变造或者其他机动车号牌而使用等。(2)被查获时的表现,是配合公安机关依法执行检查,还是实施了当场饮酒、锁车门不下车、抵制呼气酒精含量检测或者抗拒抽血检验等不配合检查,甚至冲卡逃避检查、暴力抗拒检查的行为;发生交通事故的,是否积极救援伤者,主动打电话报警,或者明知他人报警而在现场等候警方处理等。(3)归案后的认罪悔罪态度。如是否如实供述罪行,当庭表示认罪;是否积极赔偿被害人的经济损失,取得被害人的谅解。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点8</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">▼▼▼</span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何认定醉驾型</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">危险驾驶犯罪案件中的自首?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第899号黄某忠危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">由于醉驾案件一般在公安机关交通管理部门例行检查时案发,或者在发生交通事故后因当事人、群众报警而案发,故被告人主动、直接到司法机关投案自首的情形极少。对于公安机关例行检查的,即使犯罪嫌疑人在被公安人员询问、呼气酒精检查之前主动交代醉酒驾驶的,也不构成自首。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 因为在此种情形下,虽然犯罪嫌疑人交代具有一定的主动性,但其归案具有被动性,即使其不主动交代,公安人员通过检查也能发现其醉驾的犯罪事实,故应当认定为坦白。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 对于报警后案发的,具体区分为两种情况:一种情况是</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">发生交通事故后,犯罪嫌疑人主动报警,这属于典型的自动投案。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>另一种情况是</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">他人报警。对于他人报警的,犯罪嫌疑人在明知他人报警的情况下,仍自愿留在现场等候警方处理,即“能逃而不逃”,且无拒捕行为的,才能视为自动投案。如果犯罪嫌疑人根本不知道他人已经报警而留在现场,或者在得知他人报警后欲逃离现场,但因对方当事人控制或者群众围堵而被动留在现场的,则不能认定为自动投案。犯罪嫌疑人得知他人报警后逃离现场,事后迫于压力又主动到公安机关交代犯罪事实的,可以认定为自动投案。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 对于醉驾型危险驾驶案件,基本构成要件事实包括:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">在驾车之前是否饮酒;是否驾车上路行驶;驾驶何种车型。其中,是否饮酒是最基本的构成事实,不管犯罪嫌疑人是在见到公安人员后主动交代饮酒事实,还是在公安人员根据其精神状态怀疑其饮酒并对其进行讯问时承认饮酒事实,均属于如实供述自己的罪行。如果犯罪嫌疑人虽然承认饮酒的事实,但不配合甚至采取暴力手段抗拒对其进行呼气酒精含量测试或者血样收集的,不能成立“如实供述自己的罪行”。还有的犯罪嫌疑人在交通肇事后逃逸,待血液中酒精含量极低或者检不出酒精含量后才投案,并否认醉酒驾驶,只承认自己是肇事者,亦不属于“如实供述自己的罪行”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点9</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">▼▼▼</span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉酒驾驶机动车致使本人重伤的</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是否构成交通肇事罪?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第900号郑某巧危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">犯罪是对他人法益的侵害,一般情况下自损行为不构成犯罪(对生命权的处分除外),除非这种自损行为危及国家和公共安全。因此,《最高人民法院关于审理交通肇事刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第二条规定的“致一人以上重伤”中的“人”不应当包括本人,且对致本人重伤的行为定罪有违社会一般人的观念。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点10</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">▼▼▼</span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉酒驾驶并抗拒检查的是否</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">应以危险驾驶罪和妨害公务罪</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">数罪并罚?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第901号于某危险驾驶、妨害公务案指出:</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)在道路上醉酒驾驶机动车的行为不适用危险驾驶罪从一重罪处罚的规定;(2)醉酒驾驶并抗拒检查的行为在刑法上应当评价为两个独立的行为,而非一个行为;(3)醉酒驾驶并抗拒检查,符合数罪构成要件的,应当数罪并罚。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点11</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">▼▼▼</span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对未当场查获被告人</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉酒驾驶机动车<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">且系</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“零口供”的案件,</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如何通过证据审查定案?</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第903号王某宝危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">对于此类“零口供”案件,如何根据其他证据认定被告人醉酒驾驶机动车的犯罪事实,我们认为,可以从以下三个方面入手进行审查:</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> (1)审查有无证明案件犯罪事实的直接证据。</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">直接证据是能够单独、直接证明案件主要事实的证据。由于直接证据不需要经过中间环节,也无须借助其他证据进行逻辑推理即可直观证明案件的主要事实,故有较强的证明力。醉酒驾驶机动车刑事案件常见的直接证据有:被告人承认其在道路上醉酒驾驶机动车的有罪供述,目睹被告人醉酒驾车经过的证人证言,因被告人醉酒驾车而遭受损害的被害人陈述,证实被告人醉酒驾车经过或者当场查获经过的录音、录像资料等。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> (2)审查有无证明案件主要事实、情节的间接证据。</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">间接证据虽然不能直接、单独证明案件的主要事实,但能够证明案件事实的某种情况或者与主要事实有关联的一些情节,因此,有必要予以重点审查。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> (3)审查判断被告人供述的真实性。</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">被告人作为刑事诉讼中被追究的对象,案件的处理结果与其有切身的利害关系,被告人否认犯罪事实或者供述时避重就轻均符合人趋利避害的本性。因此,需要通过收集其他证据去分析、判断被告人供述的真实性。被告人拒不供认犯罪事实的,只要其不保持沉默,总能从其无罪、罪轻的辩解中找到查明事实真相的线索。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点12</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉驾逃逸后找人“顶包”,</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">并指使他人提供虚假证言,</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">导致无法及时检验</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">血液酒精含量的案件,<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如何处理?</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第904号孔某危险驾驶案指出:</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">行为人酒后在道路上驾驶机动车,因逃逸而无法及时检验其驾驶时的血液酒精含量,但根据其他间接证据能够认定其驾车时已处于醉酒状态的,可以认定其行为构成危险驾驶罪。同时,对其在肇事后实施的妨害作证行为可以单独评价为妨害作证罪,以危险驾驶罪、妨害作证罪数罪并罚,但在公诉机关未指控妨害作证犯罪事实及罪名的情况下,二审法院不宜径行改判孔某的行为构成妨害作证罪。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点13</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对涉嫌犯危险驾驶罪的犯罪嫌疑人、</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">被告人能否直接采取</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">逮捕强制措施以及</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">判决文书如何表述刑期起止日期?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第905号孟某悟危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">依照刑事诉讼法的规定,只有对可能判处徒刑以上刑罚的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人才能适用逮捕,危险驾驶罪的最高刑期为拘役,故对孟某悟不能决定采取逮捕强制措施。判决前孟某悟未被羁押,判决执行之日不能确定,判决书中刑期起止日期只能略去,待判决发生法律效力,其交付执行之日为刑期起始日期,以此计算刑期终止日期,填写在执行通知书中。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点14</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何认定危险驾驶罪中规定的</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">追逐竞驶情节恶劣?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第906号张某伟、金某危险驾驶案指出:</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">对“追逐竞驶”的认定,应当坚持主客观相统一原则,结合行为人的主观心态和客观行为综合判断。就主观方面而言,虽然刑法未将行为人的动机和目的作为该罪的构成要件,但“追逐竞驶”的行为特征决定了实践中行为人多出于竞技、寻求刺激、挑衅泄愤等动机,或者基于赌博牟利等目的,而在道路上驾驶机动车追逐竞驶,故对行为人动机和目的的考察有助于对其行为性质的判断。就客观行为而言,通常表现为以一辆或者多辆机动车为追逐目标,伴有超速行驶、连续违反交通信号灯、曲折变道超车等违章驾驶行为。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 追逐竞驶的“情节恶劣”具体表现为以下情形:</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> (1)追逐竞驶行为造成交通事故,尚不构成交通肇事罪等其他犯罪的。</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">虽然追逐竞驶属于情节犯,不以发生人员伤亡、财产损失等具体后果为要件,但交通事故的发生说明该追逐竞驶行为已经从刑法拟制的抽象危险转化为现实危害结果,自然应当认定为情节恶劣。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> (2)伴有多项违反道路交通安全法的行为。</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">追逐竞驶行为本身具有高度危险性,如果还实施了其他违反道路交通安全法的驾驶行为,会进一步提升该行为的危险程度。常见的情形包括:驾驶改装、拼装的机动车,违规超车,严重超速行驶,违反交通信号以及实施其他违反道路安全通行规定的行为。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> (3)追逐竞驶主观恶性较大的。</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">如曾因追逐竞驶受过行政处罚或者刑事追究的,多人多次追逐竞驶的,酒后、吸食毒品后追逐竞驶的,无驾驶资格驾驶机动车的。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">(4)在特殊时段、路段追逐竞驶,或者驾驶特殊车型追逐竞驶的,如交通高峰期在城市繁华路段追逐竞驶,造成交通堵塞或者引起公共恐慌的。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"> (5)驾驶载有乘客的营运机动车追逐竞驶的等。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点15</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">追逐竞驶造成交通事故</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">尚不构成交通肇事罪的,</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是构成危险驾驶罪还是以</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">危险方法危害公共安全罪?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第907号彭某伟危险驾驶案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">关于危险驾驶罪与以危险方法危害公共安全罪的辨析,主要注意把握以下两个方面:(一)要看行为人对追逐竞驶造成的交通事故后果是持过于自信的过失意志还是持希望或者放任的意志;(二)要看追逐竞驶的行为是否达到与放火、决水、爆炸、投放危险物质等行为相当的危险程度。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 本案被告人彭某伟虽实施了危险驾驶行为,并造成一定的财产损失,但该行为尚未达到与放火、决水、爆炸、投放危险物质等行为相当的危害程度,应当认定其行为构成危险驾驶罪。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点16</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对酒后驾驶造成重大伤亡的案件,</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何区分交通肇事罪与</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以危险方法危害公共安全罪?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第909号杜某交通肇事案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">被告人杜某中午饮酒后并没有立即开车,而是休息到当天17时左右才开车,开车撞人后没有继续驾车冲撞,而是立即采取制动措施,表明其对可能发生的危害后果持轻信能够避免的过失心态,其行为构成交通肇事罪。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> (一)被告人杜某在主观上系过于自信的过失,而非间接故意:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">(1)杜某为避免危害后果发生采取了一定的措施。杜某饮酒后并未立即开车,而是休息数小时后才开车,表明其已经认识到酒后开车对公共安全有较大的危险,并为避免发生这种危险而采取了一定的措施。虽然这项措施客观上没有完全消除醉酒状态,但反映出行为人主观上既不希望也不放任危害后果发生的心态。(2)当杜某意识到其驾驶的汽车撞人后立即采取了制动措施,并下车查看情况,发现确实撞到人后立即报警,表明其并非不顾危害结果的发生,而是对危害后果的发生持反对、否定的态度。(3)杜某的行车速度比较正常。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> (二)被告人杜某在客观上仅实施了一次撞击的行为,行为人对其造成的后果持反对、否定的可能性大,故倾向认定为交通肇事罪。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点17</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对为逃避酒驾检查而驾车冲撞</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">警察和他人车辆的行为如何定性?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第911号任某青以危险方法危害公共安全案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">被告人任某青所实施的一系列行为,不但侵害了特定对象张某宇等的人身、财产安全,同时还对其他不特定多数人的人身、财产安全构成严重威胁,应当以以危险方法危害公共安全罪定罪处罚。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点18</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">肇事人明知未死亡被害人</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可能会被后续车辆碾压</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">仍然逃离的,如何定罪处罚?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第925号李某海故意杀人案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">机动车驾驶人在发生交通肇事后,应当负有救助、报警的法定作为义务,但其有能力履行而不履行,并明知不履行可能导致被害人死亡结果发生的情况下,仍然放任该危害结果的发生,最终导致被害人死亡,应当构成故意杀人罪。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点19</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何准确把握“交通肇事后将被害人</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">带离事故现场后遗弃,致使被害人</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">无法得到救助而死亡”的情形?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第220号倪某国交通肇事案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">被告人倪某国酒后驾驶三轮摩托车因避让车辆采取措施不当,未能及时刹住车,将被害人严某桂撞倒。倪某国当即将严某桂抱到附近卫生室请求救治。接治医务人员认为卫生室不具备抢救条件,即催促倪某国将严某桂速送县人民医院急救。倪某国在向县城继续行驶过程中因害怕承担法律责任,将严某桂抛弃在河滩上(距公路约200米)。当日下午4时许,严某桂被他人发现时已死亡。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 现有证据不能证明被告人倪某国犯故意杀人罪,只能证明其构成交通肇事罪。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 理由如下:(1)被告人倪某国在交通肇事后即将被害人抱送附近诊所求治,并按医嘱速送被害人去县医院抢救,其后来遗弃被害人是在认为被害人已死亡的主观状态下作出的,故而被告人无杀人的犯罪故意。(2)本案现有证据无法证明被害人在被遗弃前确没有死亡,也无法证明被害人的死亡是因被遗弃无法得到救助而造成,故现有证据不能证明被告人有故意杀人的行为。故其行为不符合2000年最高人民法院《关于审理交通肇事刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第六条“行为人在交通肇事后为逃避法律追究,将被害人带离事故现场后隐藏或者遗弃,致使被害人无法得到救助而死亡或者严重残疾的,应当分别依照刑法第二百三十二条、第二百三十四条第二款的规定,以故意杀人罪或者故意伤害罪定罪处罚”的规定。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点20</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉酒驾驶后将被害人拖行致死的,</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">能否认定为故意杀人罪?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:第910号陆某故意杀人案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">被告人陆某在发生交通事故后,放任被害人死亡结果的发生,应当认定其罪过形式为间接故意。一审法院以陆某犯故意杀人罪,判处无期徒刑,剥夺政治权利终身。二审法院维持原判。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> 对于行为人将被害人撞倒后,为逃离现场,而驾车冲撞、碾压、拖拽被害人,致被害人死亡的,因其行为具有连续性,是在继续驾车前进过程中发生的,加之行为人系酒后驾驶,辨认能力和控制能力在不同程度上受到酒精的影响,其是否能够认识到发生交通事故以及继续驾车时冲撞、碾压、拖拽了被害人,实践中认定起来比较难,进而影响到对其行为的定性。对于此种情形,需要结合发生交通事故的具体情形、行为人的醉酒程度、现场的环境等因素综合分析行为人的主观意志状态。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> (1)区分交通肇事罪和故意杀人罪的要点之一在于判断行为人实施了交通肇事一个行为还是交通肇事和故意杀人两个行为(将交通工具作为故意杀人的工具,实施了一个杀人行为的除外)。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> (2)区分交通肇事罪和故意杀人罪的另一要点是判断行为人能否认识到其行为的性质(即认识状态),并进而据此认定行为人的意志状态(是放任还是反对、否定态度)。对于酒后驾驶者,需要判断其辨认能力和控制能力受到酒精的影响程度,特别是行为人实施了交通肇事和杀人两个行为的,需要判断行为人对其杀人行为是否有认识。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> (3)根据后行为吸收先行为、重行为吸收轻行为的刑法原理,对此种行为可以作为吸收犯,以一罪论处。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点21</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何理解和适用“交通运输</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">肇事后逃逸”中</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“为逃避法律追究而逃跑”的要件?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:1169号赵某江故意杀人、赵某齐交通肇事案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“交通运输肇事后逃逸”的认定,应当定位于为了逃避法律追究而逃跑,且“逃跑”并不限于“当即从现场逃跑”。实践中,有的肇事人并未在肇事后立即逃离现场(有的是不可能逃跑),而是在将伤者送到医院后或者等待交通管理部门处理的时候逃跑。类似的情形也很多。如果仅将逃逸界定为当即逃离现场,那么性质同样恶劣的逃避法律追究行为就得不到相应追责,可能会影响对这类犯罪行为的惩处。因此,只要是在肇事后为逃避法律追究而逃跑的行为,都应视为“交通肇事后逃跑”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">裁判观点22</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">▼▼▼</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;line-height: 1.5;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">车辆所有人在交通肇事后</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">将被害人隐藏致使被害人无法得到救助</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">而死亡的如何定性?</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; isolation: isolate; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(106, 94, 59);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong> 最高人民法院刑事审判庭指导案例:169号赵某江故意杀人、赵某齐交通肇事案指出:</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">车辆所有人在交通肇事后将被害人隐藏致使被害人无法得到救助而死亡的,应当以故意杀人罪论处。本案被告人赵某江作为肇事车辆所有者,虽然没有指使肇事人逃逸,但其载搭交通肇事直接行为人赵某齐逃逸,应当以交通肇事罪的共犯论处。由于被害人徐某齐的死亡原因主要是由于交通肇事所致,徐某齐即使得到及时救助,也基本没有被救活的可能性,因此,赵某江藏匿被害人的行为并不必然造成被害人死亡结果的发生。赵某江只是实施了法律拟制的“故意杀人”行为,但依法仍应构成故意杀人罪。鉴于被害人死亡主要是交通事故所致,可在对赵某江量刑上酌予)</span></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 10px 0% -2px; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; text-align: right; justify-content: flex-end; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 55%;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="height: 1px;background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0%; transform: rotateX(180deg); text-align: justify; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin: -1px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 1000 1000" style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><rect x="0.5" y="0" transform="matrix(-1 -4.489621e-11 4.489621e-11 -1 1001 1000)" width="1000" height="1000" fill="rgba(255,255,255,0)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></rect><path d="M1-0.5v542h459v458h541v-83.3H543.3V541.5H1001v-542l-541,0v458.7H84.3V-0.5H1z M543.3,82.8h374.3v375.3H543.3V82.8z" fill="#5f9cef" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us">来源:中国普法</section></section>
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